csZenter: weblog

From time to time, the news shows hacked websites and many users that got into security problems. These incidents would be reduced greatly if users were more conscious using more secure software in their PC, instead of using pre-installed software. Software like the new Mozilla Firefox browser and some additional security programs such as: Antivirus, antispyware and a good personal firewall are necessary to protect all computers from the security threats of the internet.

Why the internet is so insecure?

The main reason why the internet is not as safe as it should be is based on how computer software works and how operating systems (the software that interact with the underlying hardware) were designed. Time has proven that build software without errors is almost impossible and you can hear about software used for years without seeing problems failing unexpectedly and for this reason the designers of the PC industry programmed operating systems to load the software necessary at startup, every (more...)

Even Grandmothers Can Do It!

There may still be a few of you out there who are apprehensive of purchasing a laptop computer either because of cost or lack of knowledge. But with today’s laptop computer being more affordable and the technology making them easier to use, you need not be. In just a minimal amount of time, with the all the new user-friendly prompts, one could become another computer geek. There is even a computer laptop rental option for those who don’t want to spend the money until they have tried to navigate around a computer on their own. Being a grandmother, with my children and grandchildren living and traveling to various parts of the world, I found it necessary to overcome my fear.

The hardest part of my introduction to the laptop computer was to learn how to hook up and manipulate an external mouse, punch a few buttons on the keyboard, and basically, to just turn the machine on. It’s hard for some folks to believe, but the computers of this genera (more...)

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a distant vector routing protocol. RIP algorithm has been in use since the early days of ARPAnet. Currently, there are 2 versions of RIP, which are known as Routing Information Protocol version 1 (RIPv1) and Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPv2). More information about RIPv1 can be found on (RFC1058) and more information about RIPv2 can be found on (RFC 1723). RIPv1 supports only classful routing and RIPv2 uses classless routing. This means RIPv2 support Variable length Subnet Mask (VLSM).

RIP is a UDP based protocol that uses port 520 for all communication. RIP was designed for small to medium sized networks. RIP uses hop count as a metric. RIP supports maximum 15 hops. The maximum size of RIPv1 or RIP2 packet is 512 octets. RIP has the administrative distance of 120.

Route update timer

Every 30 seconds, a Cisco router will send a RIP update out every interface that has a RIP network attached to it. Each update contains the entire routin (more...)

The high definition DVD war is over. The challenger has thrown in the towel and the victors arm is held aloft.

The announcement by Toshiba that its HD DVD format was to be abandoned has confirmed expectations that Sony’s more expensive BLUE ray solution would prevail.

The two rival systems have been battling for two years now, initially racing neck and neck. The rot set in when Warner Brothers backed Blu-ray and said it would only issue films in that format in future.

One by one other content providers and retailers have added their vote for the Sony option.

The final nail in the HD DVD coffin appears to have been Wal-Marts decision to phase it out of their stores, announced earlier this month.

One hey reason for Sony getting the edge has been its development of Blu-Ray in its own Playstation 3, which means it had many more drives installed and working that its rivals.

As it makes its way to the failed formats Museums, to line up along-side that most famous (more...)

One of the most obvious differences between a blue laser pointer and a green laser pointer is price. A 10 mW blue laser pointer cost $700 compared to the price of the equivalent 15 mW green laser pointer that cost $100.

It is not just blue laser pointers that are more expensive. Blue laser modules, OEM lasers and lab lasers are also much more expensive than their green counterparts. The reason for such a large price differences are the processes used to generate the laser beam, the components used that the manufacturing volumes.

Beam generation process

Both blue and green laser pointers use a pump diode that gives out infrared 808nm light that is used to pump the same type of crystals. The pumped crystals in turn give out light in the far infrared spectrum. The difference between blue and green lasers is the optical coatings on the pumped crystals and the type of far infrared light produced by these crystals.

The pumped crystals in a green laser pointer have an optical coating (more...)

People in the more advanced countries in the world such as the US, Japan and Australia are more and more turning to using only High Definition Televisions (HDTV) for their viewing pleasure and thus it has become necessary to understand just how does HDTV work in order to make informed decisions. It is also necessary to learn about how does HDTV work differently from standard televisions if we are to get the most suitable make and model, especially as the television market today is flooded with numerous such makes, models and types of televisions.

Higher Quality Of Resolution

First off, a high definition television is different from standard televisions in the quality of its resolution which needless to say is much better in the high definition televisions and in addition, the HDTV also boasts of having multi-channel audio as well as an aspect ratio of 16:9 and it also comes with a wide screen. Thus, you can be sure that the HDTV works in a manner that allows it to provide clearer quality pic (more...)